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M9480846.TXT
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1994-09-05
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Document 0846
DOCN M9480846
TI Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in HIV positive (HIV+)
patients.
DT 9410
AU Fischer S; Pulvirenti J; Lisowski J; Citronberg R; Lollar R; Rice T;
Goodman L; Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
SO Abstr Gen Meet Am Soc Microbiol. 1994;94:491 (abstract no. C-3). Unique
Identifier : AIDSLINE ASM94/94313099
AB Because the clinical course of CDAD in HIV+ pts. is not well
characterized, we conducted a retrospective study of pts. with this
co-infection occurring between 1/92 and 8/93 at two urban medical
centers. Case definition included diarrhea (loose or watery stools), a
positive HIV test, and evidence of C. difficile toxin A by EIA. A total
of 71 cases in 60 HIV+ pts. (57 men, 3 women) were identified. HIV risk
factors included 29 homo/bisexual males and 16 IVDU. All but one pt. had
AIDS (mean CD4 count = 14.5/cc3). All but one pt. had received recent
antimicrobial therapy including TMP-SMX in 35 episodes and a third
generation cephalosporin in 23. Forty-one of the episodes were
nosocomial. Stool WBC's were detected in 26/56 specimens tested. Because
of the retrospective nature of this review, accurate severity of illness
assessment was not possible. Initial response to therapy with
metronidazole or vancomycin could be assessed in 34 patients. The median
time to a 50% or better decrease in stool frequency was 6 days (range
1-21 days). Concurrent bowel pathogens were found in 18 episodes and
included: CMV (8), Cryptosporidium (3), Campylobacter (3), Shigella (1),
MAC (1), Microsporidium (1), Giardia (1), Blastocystis hominis (1), and
adenovirus (1). Relapse or reinfection could be assessed in 19 episodes;
of these, reinfection occurred in 5 and relapse in 3. Our results do not
indicate that HIV+ pts. have a course of CDAD distinct from other pts.
Although half of the episodes persisted beyond 6 days of therapy,
concurrent antibacterial therapy for other causes, co-infection with
other pathogens, and difficulty in accurately assessing the patient's
return to baseline bowel habits are important confounding factors which
should be addressed in a prospective study.
DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/EPIDEMIOLOGY AIDS-Related
Opportunistic Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/ *PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Bisexuality
*Clostridium difficile Cross Infection/EPIDEMIOLOGY
Diarrhea/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY Enterocolitis,
Pseudomembranous/COMPLICATIONS/EPIDEMIOLOGY/ *PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Female
Homosexuality Human HIV Seropositivity/*COMPLICATIONS Male
Recurrence Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Substance Abuse,
Intravenous MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).